Compressor



July 9, 1946. P. MANISCALCO 2,403,814

- counwsson Filed Feb. 17, 1942 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 l MANISCALCO Y 2,403,814

' COMPRESSOR July 9, -1 946.

Filed Feb. 17, 1942 4 Sheets-Sheet 5 July 9,1946.

. P. MANISCALCO 4 Sheets-Shet 4 Q Q 3 Q 1 M I 5 K L+ w Q @QN Patented July 9, 1 946 Es OFFICE- COMPRESSOR 1 =1 I {Pietro Ma ecm a 11;. g gyf Applie tion February 17, 1942; serialpo.431303;

This invention elates to improvements incompressors. r a I Qneof the main objects of'thisinvention' is to provide an economical and light running compressor, preferably a multistage compressor which comprises a compact cylinder structure including a casing having integral oppositely extending cylinders thereon, and a relatively slender and light running piston unit including abody having integral oppositely extending pistons thereon reciprocable in said cylinders and having inexpensive valves at their ends connected by channels extending directly thru the piston unit.

Another object of this invention is to provide such a compressor which comprises meanstoprO- duce a-cooling eifect on the piston unit and the mechanism in the casing, which is preferably done by providing air vents on the casingand means for forcing the air therethru and around the operating members therein.

A more particular object of this invention is to Fig. '5 is alongitudinal verticalsectional view, taken on 'line 5-5 of Fig.4., a r

Fig. "6 is a vertical sectional view taken .longitudinallythru thispiston' unit.

Fig. 7 is 'a horizontal sectional viewthru said unitbtaken on line 11 of Fig. 6.

Fig. 8 is'a vertical cross-sectional view thru said unit, taken on line 8-'8 of Fig. 6.

' Fig. 9 is an enlarged view of the economical valve-construction utilizedin this compressor.

This"- invention is disclosed herein in a preierred form of construction, being illustrated as a multistage compressor which comprises a compact cylinder, structure orunit including a casing l3 having a low-pressure or primary cylinder ll integral on one end and a smaller secondary or provide insuch a multistage compressor-a metal These and various otherobjects and advantages are attained with this invention, as will become apparent from the following description, taken in connection with the accompanying drawings wherein the invention'is shown in its preferred form, it being evident that various other arrangements and forms of construction may be resorted to for carrying out the objects and pur poses of this invention. p

In the drawingsi 2 i Fig. 1 is a side elevational view of this inven tion,}with part of the fanequipped drive wheel broken away.

Fig.2 is atop omitted.

plan viewthereof, having parts Fig. 3' is an enlarged-vertical cross-sectional view thereof, taken on line- 3'.-3 of Fig.1; Fig. 4 is an enlargedv horizontal sectional view, taken on line 4-4 of Fig. 1. I I

high-pressure cylinder l2 integral on the other end, said cylinders extending in opposite directions-and beingalined. Cooling fins I3 are preferably also provided on the cylinders. The casing has itsupper 'end open, with a top or cover [4 detachably -mounted thereon, and includes a. flanged bottom or base l5 for supporting the compressor, saidcasing being adapted to contain suitable lubricant for lubricating the operating parts.

This compressor further comprises a relatively slender and light running piston unit which includes a body l6 having a low-pressure or primary piston l1 integral on one end and asmaller high-pressure or secondary piston l8 integral on the other'end, which are alined and reciprocable in-said cylinders.

The cylinders H and I2 are open at their ends and have, respectively, heads 2| and '22 mounted detachably over the end openings, as by flange means 2| and 22 on the heads b'olted'against the cylinder ends. Said heads 2| and 22 contain, respectively, sockets 23 and 24 having eacha valve 25 removably mounted therein; and from the heads 2| and 22 extend, respectively, necks 21 and.28 having conduits or suitable inlet means 29 and outlet means 30' connected thereto, respectively, and providing the fluid inlet and out-. let to-the compressor. r The piston unit herein is of an easy running construction, and it consists of a unitary metal member which may be economically made in one casting; and, as best shown in Fig. '7', the pistons .l'! and 18 areundercut around the body at their inward ends thus providing annular skirt'portions-3l and 32 and also plate-like heads 33 and 34 at the outer ends, said heads being provided with sockets 35 and 36 each containing a 'valve 2 5 removably mounted therein. Channel means is provided in this unit, being shown herein as a pair of channels 31 extending directly and substantially straight thru the body and being curved or branched together at their ends 38 to join said sockets 35 and 36, thus extending from one socket to the other and providing communication between the valves therein.

The body I6 is provided with a slot 39, being of substantial length and extending transversely thru it between the: channels 31, and coolingfins 40 are preferably also provided around the body. This arrangement thus provides a slender, light running and cool piston unit.

The valves 25 used in this compressor are of a simple and inexpensive construction, preferably consisting of a washer-like member which is threaded r removably mounted in the-sockets.

35 and 36 of the pistons and 23 and 24 of the cylinders; and this member contains a channel 4| having an enlarged part 42 provided with a flat. and smooth. valve seat 43 whereon a valve plate 44 is normally held. in valVe-closedposition,. by the intermediaterparts of a curved wire spring 45 which has its outer parts. 46 sprung into a groove 41 cut in the wall surrounding the channel part 42. Said valvemember is preferably mounted in the socket. by threading it therein, and it is therefore provided with bores or notches .48 adapted to receive the prongs of a suitable tool: in applying: and. detaching this member.

Thedrive mean v for reciprocating the pistons in the cylinders comprises. a. drive shaft which is extended. thru; the slot 39 in the piston body anilis rotatably .mounted in: a. pair of bearing sleeves. 52 and .53seatedin .a' pair of collars 54 and 55 which aremountedjnopenings 55 and 5'! provided. in the opposite side walls of the casing, said. .collars having flange means 54' and 55' thereon "which are bolted against the casing, along-with suitable sealing; means. The collar 55 has-a. closing plug :58 threaded adjustably in its outer-endwhich is. provided with a pocket 59 in its. innerend. containing therein a bearing plate 50 .and a bearing ball. iii rotary thereon and againstxwhich the inner end 62 of shaft 5| bears rotatably. The collar 55 has a flanged closing member 6A boltedv to its outer end, thru which the shaft-5i extends", and a. coil. spring 65 in said collar is. confined between an enlarged part 55 Ontheshaft and'an anti-friction bearing 5? positioned. at. the inner side of: member 54, so .as to retainthe inner end of the shaft in position against ball 6|. The shaft herein'is preferably actuatedby a drive wheel in the former a pulleywheel. 68 secured on its outer end and driven by asuitable belt or thelike. 1

The driving connections between the shaft and the piston unit, in: thi form of construction illustrated herein, comprise eccentric mean which includes an eccentric detachably fastened onto the shaft to rotate therewith, as by groove and spline means It provided on the eccentric and shaft, and a locking bolt H threaded in the eccentric andengaging the shaft. Saideccentric is rotatable in a ring portion. or hub I2- provided at. one. end'of a crank armor member 1-3 which has at its. otherlend an; eye.;portion Hi-- containing thereiniia bearing 's"5, pr.ef-erably a needle bear-f ing. wherein is mounted a. stud. or. aX-le pin' it which .is secured in an. aperture provided in the piston body, a v by a pin :H which extendszthru' suitable: holes provided in saidv stud; and inan annularproiection. T8 on the: side.- of. the body.

-This' compressor 1 is: adapted to contain: lubrieating liquidin theilower part: :of the casing, and

and producing a cool running compressor, the

upper part of the casing is furthermore provided with a plurality of air ports or vents thereon;

and this is preferably done by providing such vent in the cover I I which is made dome-shaped,

including vents 8| and 82 at the two sides thereof and vent means or slot 83 in its top. Suitable screens 8t, 82. and 83" are preferably also mounted across 'said vents 81, 82 and 83, to-avoid entryofundesired'matter.

.Means is also provided to force the air thru thevents and thru' the. casing, and this comprises fan-means 84 whichis conveniently producedby providing, fan blades or vanes on the drive wheel 68;, so as to force the air into the casing; thru vents 8|, to flow onto the piston unit and the other parts in the casing, and topass out thru vents 82 and 83..

In order to better direct the: air around the piston unit, I further provide deflecting means 85 in the casing, being preferably-in theshape of wing means provided underneath the cover i and slanting inwardly, as best shown in Fig. 3; and this wing means is preferably tilted or slanted inwardly to a ,greater extent vat its part 85 near the high-pressure piston, so as todirect the larger portion of the entering air toward said high-pressure endofthepiston unit. and. produce the maincooling effect on it and. the high-pressure cylinder, where the pressure and the heat generated .therebyisthe greatest.

For mounting the-pistonv unit and the drive meansin their; operativepositions .in the cylinder structure the. valves 25. may. be secured in the pistonv sockets 35 and.-3$,;and the axle-pin 16, with or without the. bearing placed thereon, may then be mounted'jin the piston body; and the piston. unitcanbe inserted. thru, the open end of'the. low-pressure. cylinder. ll, being advanced fully 'to the head end of.the.high-pressure cylinder;v whereupon the crank member. 13 with the eccentric :12. thereon vis next inserted thru the open. top of the .casihg,. and the eye. portion 14 ofsaid member 13; with said bearing. 75 therein if that was at first omitted; is next mounted in placeon said axle-pin 16. An enlarged notch 8 1 is provided in" the side. of the casing, adjacent collar Min openin'g 56', to allow for such mounting -of' portion 14 on pin 75. The drive" shaft can then-be inserted thru said opening 56 and extended thruthe eccentric, and lockbolt' H secured in place, whereupon collar '54 "with closing member 64 may be mounted inpositiomand the drive wheel 68- secured on the shaft and the other part mounted-- in their proper positionsyto provide the operative compressor.

It should be noted that in this invention the piston body I6 is slender and straight and lia -its longitudinal. axis; .alin'ed. with the axes of. the pair of pistonsjntegralhon ii-"s two ends; also that this: body 1:6 is substantially syminetrica'liin crosssection and the channel means iii-thereihzincludes several'channels which are placed off-centerand extend thru thebody from the valve means 25 in one piston end to the valve rneans-.25 in the other providing communication "therebetween, while the slot 39; thru which the drivers'haft extends transversely of the body, is located between these channelsand extends for a substanflecting means "85, together-1 withithe air'forcing means 84; IThis compressor construction thus I produces a speedily functioning, cool and, easy running compressor, providing a substantial improvement over the former ones, including my disclosed'and which has a crank casing, alined low and. high pressure cylinders at-the ends of v the casing, low and high pressure ,pistons oper-' ative insaid cylinders av tubular connecting rod between said pistons, and crank means operativetial length of the body, toIlighten thesame; and in addition heretofurtherfcooling means]ig-pro- -vided, including air vents s|, a2 and 83,;and: cream greater extent than the fins at the high pressure high pressure'end of said rod; ;1 r

' said fins extending along the length of said rod between said pistons, the fins at the low pressure end of said rod extending outwardly from said rod at a greater extent than :the fins at the i. In a multistage compressor of thecharacter ly connected to the connecting rod to reciprocate said rod and said pistons'as a unit, said pistons having valved passages for controlling passage of fluid between the cylinders and the-rod, said rod having heat radiating fins extending outwardly from said rod and movable therewith, said fins extending along the length of said rod between said pistonsvthe fins at the low pressure end of saidrod extending outwardly frornsaid rod at a j 7 end of said rod, the extent of said fins at said low pressure end of said rod being less than the inner ly connected to the connecting rod to reciprocate 7 said rod and said pistons as a unit, said pistons having valved passages for controlling passage of fluid between the cylinders and the rod, said rodhaving heat radiating fins extending outwardly from said rod and movable, therewith; V

2. In a multistage compressorofthe character disclosed and which has a crank casing, alined low and high pressure cylinders at the ends of the casing, low and high pressure pistons operative in said cylinders, a'tubular connectingrod between said pistons, and crank means operative ly connected to the connecting rod to reciprocate said rod and said pistons as a unit, said pistons having valved passages for'controlling passage of fluid between the cylindersand the rod, said rod having heat radiating fins extending outwardly from said rod and movable therewith, said fins extending along the length of said rod between said pistons.

3. In a multistage compressor of the character disclosed and which has a crank casing, alined low and high pressure cylinders at the ends of the casing, low and high pressure pistons operative in said cylinders, a tubular connecting rod between said pistons, and crank means operatively connected to the connecting rod to reciprocate said rod and said pistons as a unit, said pistons having valved passages for controlling passage of fluid between the cylinders and the rod, said rod having heat radiating fins extending outwardly from said rod and movable therewith,

radius of the low pressure'cylinder for affording entry'of said fins into said low pressure cylinder when the low pressure piston reciprocates in said low pressure cylinder, and the extent of said fins at said high pressure end of said rod being less than the inner radius of the high pressure cylinder for afiording entry of said latter fins into said 7 high pressure cylinder when the high pressure piston reciprocates in said high pressure cylinder.

5. In a multistage compressor of the character disclosed and which has a crank casing with high andlow pressure cylinders and pistons at the ends of the casing and a connecting rod extending through the casing and connected to the pistons, drive means in the casing and crank means operatively connected to the drive means and the connecting rod; a cover mounted on the casing and having air inlet and outlet vents for the passage of air to and from said casing, a deflector attached to said cover and extending downward from the cover and located in spaced relation to and between said inlet and outlet air vents, said connecting rod having heat radiating fins; extending outwardly from said rod and movable therewith, said drive means having a shaft extending to the exterior of the casing, a fan on said-shaft and located to force air through said 1 inlet vent and against said deflector whereby the "air is directed against said fins during the reciprocation thereof.

PIEIRO MANISCALCO. 

